{"id":2249,"date":"2021-11-11T15:10:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-11T14:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/?page_id=2249"},"modified":"2021-11-23T12:44:20","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T11:44:20","slug":"geeta-gandhi-kingdon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/speakers\/geeta-gandhi-kingdon\/","title":{"rendered":"Geeta Gandhi Kingdon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #000000;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-row fusion-flex-align-items-center\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-1{margin-top:0px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:31px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-1{margin-top:10px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important; margin-left:0px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"font-size:30px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-right\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;color:#ffffff;\">Geeta Gandhi Kingdon<\/h1><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:66.666666666667% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.88%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.88%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-content-layout-row fusion-flex-align-items-center\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-button.button-1 .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1 i {color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1 .fusion-button-icon-divider{border-color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1:hover .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1:hover i,.fusion-button.button-1:focus .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1:focus i,.fusion-button.button-1:active .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1:active{color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1:hover .fusion-button-icon-divider, .fusion-button.button-1:hover .fusion-button-icon-divider, .fusion-button.button-1:active .fusion-button-icon-divider{border-color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1:hover, .fusion-button.button-1:focus, .fusion-button.button-1:active{border-color:#a71919;border-width:2px;}.fusion-button.button-1 {border-color:#ffffff;border-width:2px;border-radius:0px;}.fusion-button.button-1{background: rgba(173,175,175,0);}.fusion-button.button-1:hover,.button-1:focus,.fusion-button.button-1:active{background: rgba(162,40,46,0);}<\/style><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-custom button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#bio\"><i class=\"fa-user-alt fas button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Biography<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-nested-column-0{width:50% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-nested-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 3.84%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.84%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-nested-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-nested-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-nested-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-nested-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-button.button-2 .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-2 i {color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-2 .fusion-button-icon-divider{border-color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-2:hover .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-2:hover i,.fusion-button.button-2:focus .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-2:focus i,.fusion-button.button-2:active .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-2:active{color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-2:hover .fusion-button-icon-divider, .fusion-button.button-2:hover .fusion-button-icon-divider, .fusion-button.button-2:active .fusion-button-icon-divider{border-color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-2:hover, .fusion-button.button-2:focus, .fusion-button.button-2:active{border-color:#a71919;border-width:2px;}.fusion-button.button-2 {border-color:#ffffff;border-width:2px;border-radius:0px;}.fusion-button.button-2{background: rgba(173,175,175,0);}.fusion-button.button-2:hover,.button-2:focus,.fusion-button.button-2:active{background: rgba(162,40,46,0);}<\/style><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-custom button-2 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"#abstract\"><i class=\"fa-file fas button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Abstract<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-nested-column-1{width:50% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-nested-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 3.84%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.84%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-nested-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-nested-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-nested-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-nested-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:33.333333333333% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 5.76%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 5.76%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 20px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div id=\"bio\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #a71919;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;border-radius:0px 20px 0px 20px;background-color:#ffffff;border-radius:0px 20px 0px 20px;overflow:hidden;padding: 30px 20px 30px 20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-person person fusion-person-center fusion-person-1 fusion-person-icon-top\"><style>.fusion-person-1 .imageframe-liftup:before{-webkit-border-radius:20px;-moz-border-radius:20px;border-radius:20px;<\/style><div class=\"person-shortcode-image-wrapper imageframe-liftup\"><div class=\"person-image-container person-rounded-overflow\" style=\"-webkit-border-radius:20px;-moz-border-radius:20px;border-radius:20px;border:2px solid #ffffff;-webkit-border-radius:20px;-moz-border-radius:20px;border-radius:20px;\"><a href=\"#\" target=\"_self\"><img class=\"person-img img-responsive wp-image-1650\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geeta-kingdom-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Geeta Gandhi Kingdon\" srcset=\"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geeta-kingdom-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geeta-kingdom-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geeta-kingdom.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"person-desc\"><div class=\"person-author\"><div class=\"person-author-wrapper\"><span class=\"person-name\">Geeta Gandhi Kingdon<\/span><span class=\"person-title\">University Professor, University College London, United Kingdom<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"person-content fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><i class=\"fb-icon-element-1 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-calendar-alt fas circle-yes\" style=\"font-size:28.16px;line-height:54.32px;height:56.32px;width:56.32px;border-width:1px;align-self:center;margin: 0px;\"><\/i><style>i.fb-icon-element.fontawesome-icon.fb-icon-element-1{ color: #ffffff; background-color: #333333; border-color: #333333;}i.fb-icon-element.fontawesome-icon.fb-icon-element-1:hover { color: #ffffff; background-color: #333333; border-color: #333333;}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><p><strong>Session 1<\/strong><br \/>\nTuesday, November 23rd 2021<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:33.333333333333% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 30px !important;padding-right : 20px !important;margin-right : 5.76%;padding-bottom : 30px !important;padding-left : 20px !important;margin-left : 5.76%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"font-size:15px;color:#ffffff;\"><div align=\"justify\">\n<p>Professor Geeta Kingdon holds the Chair of Education and International Development at the Institute of Education, University College London. Prior to this, she worked at the Department of Economics, University of Oxford for ten years. She has a BSc Hons. from the London School of Economics, and MSc and DPhil from the University of Oxford. Her research on Economics of Education is based mostly on statistical analysis of education datasets in developing countries. Her research has included determinants of school quality, gender bias in education, labour market outcomes of education and the political economy of education.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:66.666666666667% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.88%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.88%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div 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{.fusion-section-separator-1 .fusion-section-separator-svg {margin-left:1.92%;margin-right:1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-section-separator-1 .fusion-section-separator-svg {margin-left:1.92%;margin-right:1.92%;}}.fusion-section-separator.fusion-section-separator-1 .fusion-section-separator-svg svg,.fusion-section-separator.fusion-section-separator-1 .fusion-section-separator-svg-bg{height:200px;}.fusion-section-separator.fusion-section-separator-1 .fusion-section-separator-spacer-height{height:200px !important;padding-top:inherit !important;}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 70px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/div><div id=\"abstract\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #efefef;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><i class=\"fb-icon-element-2 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-file fas circle-yes\" style=\"font-size:52.8px;line-height:103.6px;height:105.6px;width:105.6px;border-width:1px;align-self:center;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;\"><\/i><style>i.fb-icon-element.fontawesome-icon.fb-icon-element-2{ color: #951814; background-color: rgba(51,51,51,0); border-color: rgba(51,51,51,0);}i.fb-icon-element.fontawesome-icon.fb-icon-element-2:hover { color: #333333; background-color: rgba(51,51,51,0); border-color: rgba(51,51,51,0);}<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-2{margin-top:0px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:31px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-2{margin-top:10px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important; margin-left:0px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"font-size:30px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;color:#000000;\">Abstract<\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:50px;width:100%;max-width:70px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#000000;border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-3{margin-top:0px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:31px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-3{margin-top:10px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important; margin-left:0px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"font-size:15px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><h3 class=\"title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;color:#000000;\">Presentation Title<\/h3><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-4{margin-top:0px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:31px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-4{margin-top:10px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important; margin-left:0px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"font-size:30px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><h2 class=\"title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;color:#921913;\">Governance for adequate teachers : Example from India<\/h2><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-5{margin-top:0px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:31px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-5{margin-top:10px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important; margin-left:0px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"font-size:15px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><h3 class=\"title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;color:#000000;\">Language of presentation<\/h3><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-6{margin-top:0px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:31px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-6{margin-top:10px!important; margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important; margin-left:0px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-six\" style=\"font-size:14px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><h6 class=\"title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;color:#999999;\">English<\/h6><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-6{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-6 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-6{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-6 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-6{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-6 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><div dir=\"ltr\" align=\"justify\">\n<p>This paper examines the widespread perception in India that the country has an acute teacher shortage of about one million teachers in public elementary schools, a view repeated in India\u2019s National Education Policy 2020. Using official DISE data, we show that teacher vacancies cannot be equated with teacher shortages: while the number of teacher vacancies (in teacher-deficit schools) is 766,487, the number of teacher surpluses (in surplus-teacher schools) is 520,141, giving a net deficit of only 246,346 teachers in the country. Secondly, removing estimated fake student numbers from enrolment data greatly reduces the required number of teachers and raises the number of surplus teachers, converting the net deficit of 246,346 teachers into an estimated net surplus of 98,371 teachers. Thirdly, if we both remove estimated fake enrolment and also make a hypothetical change to the teacher allocation rule to adjust for the phenomenon of emptying public schools (which has slashed the national median size of public schools to a mere 63 students, and rendered many schools \u2018tiny\u2019), the estimated net teacher surplus rises to 239,800 teachers. Fourthly, we show that if government does fresh recruitment to fill the supposed approximately one-million vacancies as promised in National Education Policy 2020, the already modest national mean pupil-teacher-ratio of 25.1 would fall to 19.9, at a permanently increased fiscal cost of nearly Rupees 637 billion (USD 8.7 billion) per year in 2019-20 prices, which is higher than the individual GDPs of 50 countries that year. The paper highlights the major efficiencies that can result from evidence-based policy and from improving the governance of the school education sector.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-7{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-7 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-7{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-7 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-7{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-7 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-3{ padding-top : 70px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":1854,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2249"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2547,"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\/revisions\/2547"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webinairegouvernance.csefrs.ma\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}